Mottled Ducks (Anas fulvigula) are widely distributed in southeastern coastal marshes, as are American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis). Although the alligator has been noted to prey upon Mottled Ducks, evidence of Mottled Duck consumption is rare in numerous studies of alligator food habits. This may be due to the season and habitat from which alligators were collected for evaluation (often autumn samples from deep water habitats preferred by adult alligators). We examined stomach contents of alligators in summer (when Mottled Duck broods and molting adults are flightless) from shallow water habitats preferred by Mottled Ducks. Mottled Duck remains were found in 20.9% of 43 alligator stomachs examined, far more than the highest frequency occurrence previously reported (1.27%). Unexpectedly, three relatively small alligators (1.51–1.70 m total length) consumed Mottled Ducks and the sixteen largest alligators did not. This study underscores the importance of season and location of collections when evaluating stomach content data.